Comprehensive correlation technology of coal and rock layers in mines for intelligent mining
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摘要: 煤岩层对比工作贯穿于整个煤炭地质勘查与矿井生产阶段的全过程，针对近距离、多煤层且构造复杂的矿井生产阶段煤岩层对比困难的问题，以贵州盘县煤田火烧铺煤矿为研究对象，通过对地质勘查资料的分析，结合地面瓦斯勘查钻孔、井下地质调查、瓦斯参数测试工程从地质勘查阶段已经建立的煤岩层对比标志层中提取适应于矿井生产阶段的标志层；结合矿井生产过程中井筒、巷道、工作面及其两巷道、切眼等井巷工程生产揭露资料的宏/微观煤岩、煤质化验、煤层顶底板岩石力学、煤层的光学特征等资料，提炼矿井生产过程中基于开采技术条件的煤岩层对比的标志；综合地质勘查与矿井生产阶段重新构建矿井生产阶段煤岩层综合对比标准体系。研究表明：地质勘查阶段构建的煤岩层对比标志层在矿井生产阶段岩性组合、地球物理测井曲线，高位标志性岩层以及古生物化石层基本上失去了指导意义，而煤层结构、伪顶或低位直接顶板古生物化石层、岩性标志层仍具有指导意义，可以指导实践生产；矿井生产阶段大量的地层倾角数据、宏/微观煤岩组分特征、煤层夹矸岩性，尤其是可见光、热红外等光学特征，煤层瓦斯含量、压力参数，煤层顶底板岩石力学参数等是煤岩层对比的良好标志层；构建的煤岩层综合对比技术体系可以有效地指导煤矿巷道高效掘进、工作面快速回采并识别断层发育特征。研究成果不仅可以指导煤矿井下生产工作而且可以为构造复杂区的煤矿井下工作面智能化开采提供基础地质资料，为煤矿安全、高效、智能化开采提供地质保障技术。Abstract: The coal-rock correlation runs through the whole process of the coal geological exploration and the mine production stage. In view of the difficult problems of the coal-rock correlation in the mine production stage, such as short distance, multi-coal seams and complex structure, taking Huoshaopu Coal Mine in Panxian Coalfield of Guizhou Province as the research object, through the analysis of the geological exploration data, combined with the surface gas investigation boreholes, the underground geological survey, the gas parameter test, the marker layer suitable for the mine production stage was extracted from the coal-rock correlation marker layers established during the geological exploration stage. Combined with the data of macro and micro coal petrography, coal quality test, rock mechanics of coal roof and floor, optical characteristics of coal seams and other data exposed in shafts, roadways, two gate roads of the mined working face, open-off cuts during mine production stage, the coal-rock correlation marker based on the mining technical conditions during the production was extracted. Integrated with the geological exploration stage and the mine production stage, the standard system for the coal-rock correlation of the production stage was reconstructed. The research indicated that the coal-rock correlation marker layers established during the geological exploration stage lost basically their guiding significance in the lithological association, geophysical logs, high level marking layers and palaeobios fossil layers, but the coal seam structure, the false roof or the palaeobios fossil layer of low level direct roof, the lithological marker layers had still the guiding significance, could guide the production practices. Great amount of data about the stratum dip, the macro/micro coal petrographical component characteristics, the lithology of partings during the mine production stage, particularly the optical features such as the visible light and the thermal infrared, the parameters such as the gas content of coal seams, the pressure, the rock mechanics of roof and floor are the good marker layers for coal-rock correlation. The established technical system for the comprehensive coal-rock correlation can effectively guide the efficient tunneling of roadway, fast extraction of working face, and identify the development features of faults. The research results can not only guide the production in underground mines, but also provide the basic geological data for the intelligentized mining in underground mines in areas with complicated structures and the geological guarantee technologies for the safe, efficient and intelligentized mining in underground mining faces.
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图 3 井下煤层顶板古生物化石特征
Fig. 3 Characteristics of palaeobiological fossils in coal seam roof
图 4 古生物及其岩性组合特征
Fig. 4 Characteristics of palaeontology and its lithological assemblage
图 6 煤层及其顶板工程地质特征
Fig. 6 Engineering geological characteristics of coal seams and their roofs
图 8 煤层瓦斯含量及其压力参数对比
Fig. 8 Contrast chart of gas content and pressure parameters in coal seam
图 9 煤岩层井下光学特征对比
Fig. 9 Contrast map of underground optical characteristics of coal and rock layers
图 10 煤岩层精细化综合对比参数特征
Fig. 10 Characteristics of comprehensive fine correlation parameters of coal and rock layers
图 11 矿井生产阶段煤岩层精细化综合对比技术体系
Fig. 11 Fine comprehensive correlation technology system of coal and rock layers in mine production stage
表 1 地质勘查阶段标志层分析
Table 1 Analysis of marker layers in geological exploration stage
煤层
编号地质勘查阶段建立的标志层特征 矿井阶段标志层
可用性评价标志层属性 标志层描述 稳定性 可靠性 与煤层的
距离/m1 岩性+古生物化石 0.05~0.25 m厚海豆芽化石层 稳定 可靠 0.15~1.50 可用 3 煤层夹矸 煤层顶部0.70~0.90 m处夹0.10 m厚黑色高岭石泥岩夹矸层 稳定 可靠 煤层夹矸 可用 5 古生物化石 煤层顶板砂岩中富含大羽羊齿化石 稳定 可靠 0.15~1.00 可用 7 古生物化石 煤层顶板砂岩中富含大羽羊齿化石 稳定 可靠 0.20~2.00 可用 10 煤层夹矸 煤层顶部0.20 m处夹0.05 m厚的棕褐色泥岩夹矸 不稳定 不可靠 煤层夹矸 不可用
12岩性组合 煤层顶板0.05 m厚泥岩与菱铁质砂岩互层，约30层 稳定 较可靠 煤层直接顶板 可用 14 煤层 碎裂结构、顶板破碎 不稳定 较可靠 不可用 17 煤层及其顶板 碎粒结构、顶板破碎 可用 21 煤层及其顶板岩性 富含黄铁矿、高伽马层 较稳定 较可靠 不可用 22 底板泥岩 黑色泥岩具有贝壳状断口 较稳定 较可靠 直接底板 不可用 24 古生物 动植物化石共生层 稳定 可靠 煤层直接顶板 可用 30 岩性 底板铁铝岩、铝土矿层 稳定 可开 1.20~3.00 不可用 
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表 2 火烧铺井田煤质特征
Table 2 Coal quality characteristics of Huoshaopu Coal Mine
煤层
编号去矿物基/% 含矿物基/% ω(St,d)/% 浮选降
幅/%ω(Ad)/% ω(Vdaf)/% 镜质组 惰质组 壳质组 有机组分 黏土矿物 原煤 浮煤 原煤 浮煤 原煤 浮煤 1 62.9~89.3
72.810.5~34.8
22.00~13.3
5.270.6~100
86.20.9~4.9
2.60.38~2.42
0.780.37~1.13
0.7010.26 11.87~41.86
25.558.36~20.67
12.2614.13~41.8
33.9713.50~37.51
33.633 57.5~89.3
66.714.0~31.3
24.80~14.3
11.683.5~93.9
89.70.7~2.5
1.60.10~5.35
0.450.11~1.29
0.3033.33 9.68~32.98
18.745.88~13.17
9.6116.61~37.93
33.7415.12~39.13
34.035 54.1~61.7
61.024.8~39.0
27.36.9~13.5
11.777.7~92.7
88.83.6~8.5
5.70.07~1.62
0.260.08~0.41
0.247.69 15.28~42.28
23.517.05~22.48
12.2221.61~34.82
31.7922.92~36.84
32.617 54.9~89.3
68.76.6~39.2
23.00~8.3
8.088.0~90.5
89.83.0~9.1
5.30.19~2.67
0.820.15~1.55
0.5928.05 9.79~36.47
18.416.58~17.10
9.8220.48~36.21
31.2918.62~39.06
31.9112 49.4~74.5
64.117.2~31.4
22.22.5~31.8
13.777.9~98.0
92.61.7~16.2
6.90.07~3.55
0.440.10~1.03
0.3520.45 7.88~40.69
17.261.68~17.28
8.4318.34~36.24
30.7810.79~36.35
30.3814 62.7~73.8
71.319.4~30.5
21.33.5~16.3
7.463.7~90.0
82.32.7~29.4
17.10.07~4.93
0.420.12~2.81
0.3223.81 10.12~46.84
25.186.19~24.23
10.9717.40~36.38
30.1419.87~36.81
30.2417 63.6~66.9
66.021.1~29.2
24.26.2~12.0
9.877.8~90.8
85.66.9~19.0
12.90.11~1.60
0.290.14~0.87
0.290 8.64~39.46
20.715.37~19.28
9.4826.90~34.43
30.6125.33~37.61
30.0920 54.7~68.7
67.722.8~39.2
24.12.8~8.4
6.983.3~91.6
89.43.6~9.8
6.30.13~6.59
0.530.11~3.06
0.4122.64 10.72~40.90
20.016.15~21.27
10.6116.90~30.26
27.0215.75~32.44
26.7021 65.2~78.9
76.920.8~34.8
21.51.6 75.9~100
87.314.0 0.22~8.13
3.660.20~4.56
1.9247.54 16.71~40.84
27.781.07~36.21
13.6122.71~31.88
27.5321.17~29.70
26.4722 62.0~89.3
78.25.5~35.6
20.40~8.8
1.481.7~89.9
87.57.0~11.0
8.70.15~3.44
0.620.09~1.81
0.5019.35 14.63~45.59
23.677.08~22.52
12.5924.78~32.01
27.3022.85~33.88
26.7224-1 63.0~88.3
65.321.1~39.2
34.700 81.2~89.2
86.81.1~4.2
3.00.61~6.57
3.420.65~4.50
2.1038.60 23.87~37.74
29.53.77~28.17
17.8919.00~30.65
25.8622.54~33.60
26.0824 64.1~80.3
77.121.0~34.6
20.50.6~8.7
2.477.8~89.8
87.72.4~12.1
5.80.35~6.59
3.020.22~4.37
1.5648.34 10.41~41.01
22.326.29~23.75
11.4417.86~32.94
26.6316.71~29.52
24.8126 70.0~79.1
78.516.8 1.2~5.9
4.782.2~89.4
88.34.7~8.1
6.40.63~10.25
3.230.01~4.83
1.5851.08 11.30~41.38
28.354.58~32.18
14.5324.42~33.42
27.5421.14~30.58
25.6827 61.5~78.9
77.418.3~32.7
20.11.4~5.8
2.583.9 5.8~26.2
13.90.39~6.37
2.350.42~4.11
1.4756.12 20.18~46.54
28.719.03~37.40
15.2318.84~35.84
26.9714.59~30.43
25.44注：62.9~89.3/72.8表示最小值~最大值/平均值，其他数据同。
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表 3 不同煤层瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力参数测试结果回归分析
Table 3 Regression analysis of test results of gas content and gas pressure parameters in different coal seams
煤层号 煤层瓦斯含量
与埋深拟合关系相关系数R2 煤层号 煤层压力与埋
深拟合关系相关系数R2 1 y=0.014 3x+3.834 8 0.993 1 y=0.001 9x+0.094 3 0.983 3 y=0.017 4x+2.248 0 0.990 3 y=0.001 8x+0.173 5 0.987 5 y=0.016 7x+0.452 5 0.991 5 y=0.001 7x+0.061 5 0.973 7 y=0.015 9x+2.784 4 0.991 7 y=0.002 2x+0.077 1 0.983 12 y=0.032 4x+0.080 7 0.995 12 y=0.006 8x+0.112 8 0.976 17 y=0.019 6x+1.474 3 0.994 17 y=0.003 3x+0.081 5 0.961
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