Abstract: Due to its highly accurate controlled borehole trajectory, directional drilling technology has been gradually and widely applied in gas drainage and water control in underground coal mines. According to the technical principle of directional drilling and studying the application conditions, hole patterns, borehole-forming principles of gas drainage, geological structure detection and water prevention, the technology has a good effect in the fields of gas drainage, geological structure detection and water prevention, so it provides protection to coal mine in China and technology reference for other disaster in coal mine.