Abstract: 【 Background】 In response to the problems of inconsistent understanding of the sedimentary environment of the Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer of the Jurassic coalfield in Huanglong and the unclear water-rich lithology, this study took the sandstone of the Luohe Formation in the Gaojiabu Coal Mine in Shaanxi Province as the research object. Different lithology core samples of the Luohe Formation were selected. Based on the comprehensive analysis of color, lithology and its combination, the surface morphology of quartz grains, mineral composition, sedimentary structures and sedimentary structures, the sedimentary environment was comprehensively analyzed in combination with grain size parameters. The permeability, porosity and saturated water content of different lithologies and different sedimentary environments of the Luohe Formation were tested by gas measurement and saturated water weighing methods. The microscopic pore structure of six types of sandstones, including gravelly sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone, in the Luohe Formation was studied based on NMR and CT technologies. Based on the results of the sedimentary environment and porosity-permeability characteristics of the Luohe Formation, the microscopic water control laws of each layer of the Luohe Formation were comprehensively analyzed. 【 Result and Conclusion】 The upper section of the Luohe Formation is purple-red or brown-red, with intercalated grayish-white gravelly sandstone. The upper section of the Luohe Formation is purple-red or brown-red, with intercalated grayish-white gravelly sandstone. The middle section is purple-red or brown-red, with intercalated white gravelly sandstone. The lower section is brown-red, with intercalated thin layers of grayish-white gravelly sandstone at the bottom. The sandstone has developed disc-shaped impact craters on the surface of the detrital grains and large plate-shaped cross-bedding, indicating aeolian sedimentary environment. The sandstone has developed disc-shaped impact craters on the surface of the detrital grains and large plate-shaped cross-bedding, indicating aeolian sedimentary environment. The main minerals of the sandstone are quartz, feldspar, calcite and clay minerals. Brown-red mudstone containing a large amount of analcite minerals was first discovered at the bottom of the Luohe Formation in the study area, and the lower section of the Luohe Formation was determined to be typical lacustrine sedimentary environment, and the whole was an alternating sedimentary body of wind and water. The saturated water content of the sandstone is 2.87% to 11.84%, the porosity is 6.87% to 23.91%, and the effective porosity is 2.32% to 12.79%. The overall proportion of large pores in the sandstone is relatively high, followed by medium pores. Fine-grained and above-grained sandstones contain micro-fractures, and the main pore size distribution range is 34.57 μm to 180 μm. The main water-rich lithology is coarse-grained to fine-grained sandstone, and the water-richness of silt-grained sandstone is weak. The water-richness of water-formed gravelly sandstone is the weakest. The proportion of gravelly sandstone in the upper section is less than that in the middle section. The main lithology is coarse-grained to fine-grained sandstone, and it basically does not contain silt-grained sandstone and mudstone. The water-richness of the upper section is relatively strong. The thick-bedded alluvial layers in the upper and middle sections have the lowest porosity, effective porosity and saturated water content. The middle section is mainly composed of medium-fine-grained sandstone, and the porosity and effective porosity of water-formed medium-grained sandstone are relatively low. The proportion of silt-grained sandstone and mudstone increases significantly, and the water-richness of the middle section is weaker than that of the upper section. The lithology of the lower section is mainly thick-bedded mudstone, intercalated with silt-grained sandstone, and its water-richness is weak. The research results provide a theoretical basis for identifying the water-richness of the Luohe Formation and can also guide the mine water prevention.