巷道点云分类去噪及三维重建技术

Classification denoising and 3D reconstruction of roadway point clouds

  • 摘要:目的】巷道点云数据的噪声去除与三维重建是实现巷道数字化建模与分析的关键环节,但目前传统单一滤波算法难以有效去除巷道点云不同尺度噪声,现有三维重建算法存在建模精度低、易失真等问题,因此需要研究获取高质量的巷道点云数据方法和构建高精确巷道三维模型技术。【方法】通过基于邻域半径R、最小邻域点数Imin、空间阈值σc、特征保持因子σs等参数自适应的分类巷道点云去噪算法,设计基于符号距离函数(signed distance functions,SDF)的深度学习隐式曲面重建方法。集成均值法、改进的基于密度的聚类(density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN)算法和改进的双边滤波算法,构建分类处理技术框架,集成算法自动分析巷道点云数据中的噪声类型,并通过自适应机制高效去除不同尺度噪声,实现主体点云数据的深度净化。采用PointNet++提取巷道点云局部区域特征,导入神经隐式网络学习局部上下文信息,生成全局模型SDF,并结合移动立方体算法构建精细化的巷道三维模型。【结果和结论】以安徽省张集煤矿1:1模拟巷道为实验场景,开展多维空间的巷道点云去噪与三维重建研究。研究结果表明:(1)集成算法可根据巷道场景与噪声类别动态调整去噪策略,具备自适应优化性能,产生的I类和II类误差分别为1.54%和5.37%,可在保留主体点云特征的同时有效去除大、小尺度及重复点三类噪声。(2)重建算法能在保持巷道模型精度与光滑度的同时有效减少孔洞,且精准刻画复杂位置的结构细节,重建巷道的平均、标准、均方根误差分别为0.037、0.040、0.041 m,满足智能化矿山建设高精度要求,为矿山数字化转型升级与智能精准开采提供高质量的三维数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: Objective Noise removal and 3D reconstruction of the roadway point cloud data are the key links to realize the digital modelling and analysis of roadways, but at present, the traditional single filtering algorithm is difficult to effectively remove the noise of different scales from the roadway point cloud, and the existing 3D reconstruction algorithms have problems such as low modelling accuracy and easy to be distorted, so it is necessary to research on the method of obtaining high-quality point cloud data and the technology of constructing high-accuracy three-dimensional model of the roadway. Methods A deep learning implicit surface reconstruction method based on signed distance functions (SDF) is designed through an adaptive denoising algorithm based on R, Imin, σc, σs parameters for classified roadway point clouds. Integrate the mean value method, the improved density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm and the improved bilateral filtering algorithm to construct the framework of classification processing technology, and the integrated algorithm automatically analyzes the type of noise in the roadway point cloud data and removes different scales of noise efficiently through an adaptive mechanism, and the integrated algorithm automatically analyzes the type of noise in the roadway point cloud data and removes different scales of noise efficiently through an adaptive mechanism. The integrated algorithm automatically analyzes the noise types in the point cloud data of the roadway. It efficiently removes the noise of different scales through an adaptive mechanism, realizing the in-depth purification of the main point cloud data. PointNet++ is used to extract the local area features of the point cloud of the roadway, import the neural implicit network to learn the local context information, generate the global model SDF, and combine it with the moving cube algorithm to construct the refined three-dimensional model of the roadway. Results and Conclusion Taking the 1:1 simulated roadway of Zhangji coal mine in Anhui Province as the experimental scene, we carry out the research of denoising and 3D reconstruction of roadway point clouds in multi-dimensional space. The results show that: (1) the integration algorithm can dynamically adjust the denoising strategy according to the roadway scene and noise categories, with adaptive optimization performance, resulting in Class I and Class II errors of 1.54% and 5.37%, respectively, and effectively removing large, small-scale and repetitive points of three types of noise while retaining the main point cloud features. (2) The reconstruction algorithm can effectively reduce the holes while maintaining the accuracy and smoothness of the roadway model and accurately portray the structural details of the complex location, and the average, standard, and root-mean-square errors of the reconstructed roadway are 0.037, 0.040, and 0.041 m, which can meet the high-precision requirements of the construction of intelligent mines, and provide high-quality three-dimensional data support for the digital transformation and upgrading of mines, as well as for the intelligent and precise mining.

     

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