储层孔隙结构对CO2地质封存井周围盐沉淀作用的影响机制

Effects of reservoir pore structure on near-well salt precipitation during CO2 geological storage

  • 摘要:目的和方法】良好的储层可注入性是优质CO2地质封存场所的必备条件,注入井周围盐水溶解于CO2造成的盐沉淀作用是导致CO2可注入性损害的关键因素之一。为探究不同类型储层盐沉淀发育机制和储层损害程度的差异,选取具有显著孔隙结构差异的砂岩样品,开展基于高温高压流体驱替系统的盐沉淀作用模拟实验,结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜及能谱、微区X射线荧光光谱、高压压汞、核磁共振、相对渗透率等测试分析,旨在揭示储层初始孔隙结构特征对盐沉淀晶体特征和分布规律的影响机制。【结果和结论】孔隙发育的高孔高渗型储层具有盐晶体数量少、尺寸小、分散单晶体为主的盐沉淀特征,盐沉淀含量最高仅约为0.2%。随着孔喉大小、分选性和连通性变差,盐晶体数量、尺寸以及盐集合体含量增加,盐沉淀含量最高可达约4.7%。随着储层孔隙结构由均质大孔喉型向非均质小孔喉型变化,盐沉淀分布规律呈现盐水溶解主导形成的弱盐沉淀均质分布模式—盐水毛细回流主导形成的局部强盐沉淀非均质分布模式—盐水毛细回流和盐溶质扩散共同控制的强盐沉淀均质分布模式的转变过程。盐沉淀作用增强导致对井周围储层孔隙结构和可注入性的损害程度显著增加,孔渗损害率由大孔喉型储层的约1%上升至小孔喉型储层的26%和38%。不同初始孔隙结构储层具有不同的盐沉淀发育模式和可注入性损害风险,为咸水层CO2地质封存过程中储层损害的缓解提供理论依据,助力CO2地质封存的高效部署。

     

    Abstract: Objective and Methods Good reservoir injectivity is an essential requirement for a high-quality CO2 geological storage (CGS) site. Salt precipitation near injection wells caused by brine evaporation and crystallization is one of the key factors leading to reservoir injectivity impairment. To determine the differences in salt precipitation and reservoir damage in different reservoirs, this study selected sandstone samples with different pore structures, and carried out salt precipitation simulation experiments based on high-temperature and -pressure fluid displacement system. Using thin section, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum, micro-area X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, high-pressure mercury intrusion, nuclear magnetic resonance, and relative permeability, this study aimed to determine the effects of the initial reservoir pore structure on crystal characteristics and distribution patterns of salt precipitation. Results and Conclusions High-porosity and -permeability reservoir with good pore structure is characterized by a low number of salt precipitates, small size of salt crystals and dispersed single crystals, with the maximum salt precipitation content of approximately 0.2%. With the deterioration of the pore-throat size, sorting and connectivity, the number and size of salt crystals and aggregates increase, with the maximum salt precipitation content reaching approximately 4.7%. With the change of the reservoir pore structure from the homogeneous large pore-throat type to the heterogeneous small pore-throat type, the distribution patterns of salt precipitation vary from weak homogeneous salt precipitation dominated by in-situ brine evaporation to intensive local salt precipitation dominated by brine capillary backflow to intensive homogeneous salt precipitation controlled by brine capillary backflow and salt solute diffusion. Increasing salt precipitation results in increasing damage to the reservoir structure and the injectivity in the vicinity of injection wells. The porosity-permeability damage rate increases from 1% in large pore-throat reservoirs to 26% and 38% in small pore-throat reservoirs. Reservoirs with different initial pore structures have different characteristics of salt precipitation and thus varied risks of injectivity impairment. This could provide a theoretical basis for mitigating reservoir damage during CO₂ geological storage in saline aquifers and facilitating the efficient deployment of CO₂ geological storage.

     

/

返回文章
返回