Construction method of transparent working face based on borehole radar
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摘要: 煤岩界面的高精度探测是构建智能开采三维地质模型的关键难点。提出利用煤矿井下顺层孔实施单孔反射雷达，联合多孔探测结果构建区域煤岩界面地质模型实现透明工作面的方法。对单孔雷达数据，利用巷道波同相轴斜率计算煤层雷达波速度，采用空间约束偏移成像实现煤层顶/底板反射界面精准归位。形成3种匹配实际开采的透明工作面构建模式：回采前长钻孔模式、回采中短钻孔模式和联合模式。在山西某矿31004工作面对回采中短钻孔模式进行试验性应用，基于钻孔雷达构建的工作面地质模型与原始地质模型相比，局部信息刻画更精细，顶、底界面及煤厚与实际数据误差分别小于0.57、0.54、0.30 m。结果表明：钻孔雷达能高精度探测煤厚与顶、底界面，可实现透明工作面的构建。Abstract: The high-precision detection of coal rock interface is the key and difficult point to construct the three-dimensional geological model of intelligent mining. A method is proposed to construct regional coal rock interface geological model and realize transparent working face by using single hole reflection radar in the hole along coal seam and multi hole detection results. For single borehole radar data, the coal seam radar wave velocity is calculated by using the slope of roadway wave in-phase axis, and the spatial constrained migration imaging is used to realize the accurate calculating of coal seam top/floor reflection interface. Three transparent working face construction modes matching the actual mining are formed: the long boreholes mode before mining, the short boreholes mode during mining and the joint mode of two modes. The experimental application of the short boreholes mode in 31004 working face of a mine in Shanxi Province shows that the geological model of the working face based on borehole radar depicts more detailed local information than the geological model originally constructed by collecting other information. Compared with the actual measurement after mining, the maximum error of the coal seam top interface is 0.57 m; the maximum error of the coal seam bottom interface is 0.54 m; and the coal thickness error is 0.30 m. The results show that the borehole radar can detect the interface between coal seam and roof/floor with high precision, and the construction of transparent working face can be realized by combining multi boreholes.
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Key words:
- borehole radar /
- transparent working face /
- holes along seam /
- coal seam interface
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图 1 钻孔雷达探测煤岩界面原理
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of borehole radar detecting coal rock interface
图 2 钻孔雷达探测煤岩界面数据处理与解释流程
Fig. 2 The workflow of borehole radar data processing and interpretation for detecting coal rock interface
图 4 不同模型的钻孔雷达响应时域剖面对比
①—直达波；②—顶板反射波同相轴；③—底板反射同相轴；④—多次波同相轴；⑤—⑧为巷道波同相轴
Fig. 4 Comparison of borehole radar response time-domain profiles of different models
图 6 煤层与顶/底板界面空间位置约束偏移成像
Fig. 6 Spatial position constrained migration imaging of coal seam and roof/floor interface
图 7 构建透明工作面工作流程
Fig. 7 Workflow of constructing transparent working face based on borehole radar
图 8 钻孔雷达构建透明工作面钻孔布置
Fig. 8 Borehole design of constructing transparent working face based on borehole radar
图 10 钻孔相对位置关系及轨迹平面投影
Fig. 10 Position relationship and borehole trajectory of boreholes
图 14 钻孔雷达测量与切眼测量结果对比
Fig. 14 Comparison of coal seam profile before and after updating
表 1 激励源、输出参数及吸收边界条件
Table 1 Excitation source, output parameters and absorption boundary conditions
中心频率/MHz 收发天线间距/m 天线类型 记录窗长/ns 激励类型 输出信号 吸收边界条件 200 0.5 偶极子天线 100 Ricker子波 Ez 完全匹配层 
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表 2 几何模型参数
Table 2 Geometric model parameter
模型区域/(m×m×m) 煤层大小/
(m×m×m)底板大小/(m×m×m) 巷道大小/(m×m×m) 顶板大小/(m×m×m) 网格大小/m 钻孔直径/mm 钻孔长度 10×11×5 10×5×5 10×3×5 1×5×5 10×5×3 0.01 90 随模型改变
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表 3 卸压孔开孔信息
Table 3 Pressure relief holes information
钻孔号 坐标/m 高程/m 距顶距离/m 距底距离/m 煤厚/m x y 煤顶 钻孔 1 4193737.741 38418798.174 502.142 500.642 1.5 1.35 2.85 2 4193762.869 38418798.445 506.350 504.950 1.4 1.73 3.13 3 4193793.732 38418796.602 510.416 508.416 2.0 1.03 3.03 4 4193822.205 38418796.007 513.520 511.520 2.0 0.93 2.93 5 4193851.786 38418796.040 517.398 515.498 1.9 0.98 2.88 6 4193883.553 38418797.068 519.543 517.843 1.7 1.13 2.83 7 4193914.272 38418796.679 519.415 517.815 1.6 1.23 2.83 8 4193943.485 38418795.969 520.527 518.827 1.7 1.43 3.13
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表 4 仪器参数
Table 4 Instrument parameters
仪器名称 项目 参数 雷达 天线中心频率/MHz 200 天线类型 偶极天线 A/D转换 16位 数据传输 光纤传输 工作方式 单孔反射 天线长度/cm 210 天线直径/mm 36 YQG1手持式钻孔轨迹仪 倾角测量范围/(°) −90~90 倾角绝对误差/(°) ±0.1(方位角为0) 方位角测量范围/(°) 0~360 方位角绝对误差/(°) ±1(倾角为0) 仪器长度/cm 44 仪器直径/mm 28
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表 5 钻孔信息统计
Table 5 Eight boreholes measurement information
钻孔号 雷达钻孔深度/m 轨迹测量深度/m vc/(m·ns−1) 1 14.0 13.5 0.154 32 2 11.0 13.5 0.142 73 3 13.0 12.7 0.151 74 4 12.5 12.6 0.151 74 5 13.0 9.0 0.148 85 6 13.0 14.4 0.148 85 7 13.0 13.5 0.148 85 8 14.0 13.5 0.158 84
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