自进式直旋混合射流钻头结构优化与钻孔能力分析

杜鹏; 张汶定

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.11.0696

自进式直旋混合射流钻头结构优化与钻孔能力分析

doi: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.11.0696

杜鹏,
张汶定^*, ,

安徽理工大学机械工程学院，安徽淮南 232001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年项目(51804007)

详细信息

第一作者:
杜鹏，1987年生，男，山东临沂人，博士，讲师，研究方向为高压水射流理论及技术. E-mail：dpeng@aust.edu.cn

通信作者:
张汶定，1997年生，男，河南平顶山人，硕士研究生，研究方向为高压水射流理论及技术. E-mail： l1579623@163.com

中图分类号: TD231.62
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-27
- 修回日期: 2022-02-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-25

Structure optimization and drilling capacity analysis of a self-propelled straight-swirling mixed jet bits

DU Peng,
ZHANG Wending^{*
, ,}

School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China

摘要

摘要: 自进式射流钻头作为水力喷射径向钻井技术开采煤系气的核心部件，对钻井效率有决定性影响。为获取直旋混合射流钻头结构的最优参数，采用Fluent数值模拟与室内钻进试验相结合的办法，分析不同钻头结构参数下三维流场的速度特性，给出优化准则，并通过钻进试验加以验证，得到钻头的最优参数：中心孔孔径1.2 mm，叶轮槽槽宽0.7 mm，叶轮长度4.5 mm，叶轮径向长度3.5 mm，倾角45°，混合腔腔长6 mm。并通过理论分析解释了不同参数对钻头钻进速度产生变化的原因，主要是通过影响直旋混合射流中直射流与旋转射流的通量，进而引起射流三维的变化。采用灰色关联分析法得出各参数结构对钻进位移的敏感性系数由高到低依次为：中心孔孔径、叶轮槽宽、叶轮径向长度、混合腔腔长、叶轮倾角、叶轮长度。室内钻进试验结果表明：优化后的射流钻头具有更高的钻进效率，在关联分析中对钻进效率影响最大的是直射流与旋转射流通量，且直旋通量比在0.54时，射流能量分配较合理。研究成果对径向钻井煤层气、天然气开采中钻头的设计与结构优化具有指导意义。
- 直旋混合射流钻头 /
- 径向钻井 /
- 三维速度 /
- 灰色关联度 /
- 钻进试验
Abstract: As the core part of hydro-jet radial drilling technology for coal-measure gas extraction, the self-propelled jet drill bit has a decisive impact on drilling efficiency. In order to obtain the optimal parameters of the direct rotating mixed jet, the velocity characteristics of the three-dimensional flow field with different bit structure parameters are analyzed by the combination of Fluent numerical simulation and specific experiments, and the optimization criteria are given. The optimal parameters of the drill bit are obtained in the drilling test: the central hole of diameter 1.2 mm, the impeller groove of width 0.7 mm, the impeller of thickness 4.5 mm, radial length 3.5 mm, and inclination angle 45°, and the mixing chamber of length 6 mm. Through theoretical analysis, the reasons why different parameters change the bit drilling speed are explained. That is, the three-dimensional change of the jet is caused mainly by affecting the flux of the direct flow and rotating jet in the direct rotating mixed jet. The sensitivity coefficients of each parameter structure on drilling displacement are obtained by using gray correlation analysis from high to low are as follows: center hole diameter, impeller groove width, impeller radial length, mixing chamber length, impeller inclination and impeller thickness. The results show that the optimized jet bit has higher drilling efficiency. In the correlation analysis, the direct flow and rotating jet flux have the greatest impact on the drilling efficiency, and the jet energy distribution is more reasonable when the direct rotating flux ratio is 0.54. The research has guiding significance for the design and structure optimization of bits in the radial drilling of coalbed methane, and natural gas production.
- straight-swirling mixed jet bit /
- radial drilling /
- three-dimensional velocity /
- grey correlation degree /
- drilling experiment

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图 1 射流钻头结构

Fig. 1 Jet bit structure

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图 2 射流空间三维速度

Fig. 2 Three-dimensional velocity of jet space

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图 3 内外流场模型

Fig. 3 Internal and external flow field of the jet

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图 4 混合网格划分

Fig. 4 Hybrid meshing

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图 5 外流场速度数据提取位置

Fig. 5 Location of outflow field velocity data extraction

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图 6 直旋旋混合射流速度分布云图

Fig. 6 Cloud diagram of the velocity distribution of the direct rotating mixed jet

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图 7 叶轮槽槽宽与流场速度的变化规律

Fig. 7 Variation law of flow field velocity with different impeller slot widths

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图 8 叶轮槽径向长度与流场速度的变化规律

Fig. 8 Variation law of flow field velocity with the different radial lengths of the impeller slot

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图 9 混合腔长度与流场速度的变化规律

Fig. 9 Variation law of flow field velocity with different mixing cavity lengths

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图 10 实验仪器与叶轮

Fig. 10 Experimental equipment and impellers

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图 11 水泥试件钻进前后对比

Fig. 11 Comparison before and after drilling

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图 12 不同孔径钻进位移

Fig. 12 Drilling displacement with different hole diameters

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图 13 不同槽宽、不同径向长度钻进位移

Fig. 13 Drilling displacement with different groove widths and radial lengths

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图 14 不同倾角钻进位移

Fig. 14 Drilling displacement with different dip angles

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图 15 不同叶轮长度钻进位移

Fig. 15 Drilling displacement with different impeller lengths

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图 16 不同混合腔腔长钻进位移

Fig. 16 Drilling displacement with different mixing chamber lengths

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表 1 钻头参数尺寸

Table 1 Different bit parameters and sizes

钻头编号	叶轮倾角/(°)	中心孔孔径/mm	叶轮槽槽宽/mm	叶轮长度/mm	叶轮槽径向长度/mm	混合腔腔长/mm
1	35	1.2	0.7	4.5	3.5	6
2	40	1.2	0.7	4.5	3.5	6
3	45	1.2	0.7	4.5	3.5	6
4	50	1.2	0.7	4.5	3.5	6
5	45	0.8	0.7	4.5	3.5	6
6	45	1.6	0.7	4.5	3.5	6
7	45	1.2	0.5	4.5	3.5	6
8	45	1.2	0.9	4.5	3.5	6
9	45	1.2	0.7	4.0	3.5	6
10	45	1.2	0.7	5.0	3.5	6
11	45	1.2	0.7	4.5	2.5	6
12	45	1.2	0.7	4.5	3.0	6
13	45	1.2	0.7	4.5	4.0	6
14	45	1.2	0.7	4.5	3.5	4
15	45	1.2	0.7	4.5	3.5	8

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表 2 网格无关性分析

Table 2 Grid independence analysis

网格数量	轴心最大速度/(m·s⁻¹)
85 746	177.4
112 376	179.6
146 725	179.7
173 413	179.7

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表 3 端面直旋通量比

Table 3 End face direct rotation flux ratio

钻头编号	通量比	位移/mm
3	0.54	37
5	0.24	8
6	0.96	22
7	0.76	19
8	0.42	25
11	0.82	13
12	0.65	24
13	0.46	19

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表 4 钻进位移灰色关联度初值化计算结果

Table 4 Preliminary calculation results of grey correlation degree of drilling displacement

比较序列	关联度	敏感性排序
叶轮槽槽宽	0.611 7	2
叶轮径向长度	0.604 5	3
中心孔孔径	0.613 5	1
混合腔腔长	0.602 9	4
叶轮长度	0.593 6	6
叶轮倾角	0.598 6	5

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