深部变面长采场顶板破断演化的力学机制分析

王新丰; 陆明远

doi:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.22.03.0115

深部变面长采场顶板破断演化的力学机制分析

doi: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.22.03.0115

王新丰^1,,
陆明远²

1.
湘潭大学环境与资源学院，湖南湘潭 411105
2.
中国矿业大学(北京) 能源与矿业学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51904266)；湖南省教育厅优秀青年基金项目(21B0144)；湖湘高层次人才聚集工程创新团队项目(2019RS1059)

详细信息

第一作者:
王新丰，1988年生，男，安徽亳州人，博士(后)，副教授，从事矿山压力与岩层控制方面的研究. E-mail：xfw2020@xtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD821
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-03
- 修回日期: 2022-05-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-26

Study on mechanical mechanism of roof fracture evolution in deep stope with variable face length

WANG Xinfeng^1
,,
LU Mingyuan²

1.
College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
2.
School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 不规则煤层开采容易引发顶板应力集中、矿压显现异常等问题，为探究变面长采场顶板破断规律与结构演化特征，针对工作面斜长由小变大的突变型采场不同开采阶段的几何特征与力学成因，运用小挠度薄板弯曲理论依次建立并解析4种边界条件的顶板结构模型。根据变面长采场顶板矿压分区显现特征，采用MATLAB与FLAC^3D数值模拟方法分析顶板破断规律与宏观力学响应。通过系统分析与总结归纳，构建了变长工作面“三场三区三结构”的覆岩结构传递演化模式，提出了“两场两规律”的顶板分区破断效应。并通过典型工程案例的矿压实测进行应用验证。结果表明：变面长采场分为小面采场、变面采场和大面采场，小面采场顶板为缓压型结构，发生的是传统“O−X”形破断；变面采场顶板为突变型结构，顶板断裂产生的延长形与漂移形“O−X”破断裂隙与大面采场增压型结构顶板的裂纹发育特征较为相似，故将二者整合为全大面采场；全大面采场顶板发生的是“X−O”形破断，裂纹继续发展产生延长形破断，形成“两场两规律”的顶板破断理论。研究结论为探明变面长采场的覆岩运移本质，加强深部复杂煤层赋存条件下的顶板灾害防控提供了重要依据。
- 变面长采场 /
- 薄板弯曲 /
- 覆岩结构 /
- “O−X”破断 /
- 失稳破坏 /
- 顶板防控
Abstract: Irregular coal seam mining is easy to cause the problems such as roof stress concentration and abnormal ground pressure behavior. In order to explore the roof fracture law and the structural evolution characteristics of stope with variable length, the roof structure models with four types of boundary conditions were established and analyzed using the small-deflection thin plate bending theory in view of the geometric characteristics and mechanical causes of the abrupt stope with the inclined length of working face changing from small to large in various mining stages. Meanwhile, the roof fracture law and macro-mechanical response were analyzed by MATLAB and FLAC numerical simulation methods based on the zoning characteristics of roof ground pressure in stope with variable face length. Through systematic analysis and summary, the transmission and evolution model of overburden structure comprising “three stopes, three areas and three structures” in working face with variable length was constructed, and the regional fracturing effect of “two stopes and two laws” was put forward. Besides, the application was verified by the measured ground pressure of typical engineering cases. The results show that the stope with variable face length is divided into small-face stope, variable-face stope and large-face stope. Specifically, the roof of small-face stope is in a slow pressure structure, where the traditional “O-X” fracture occurs. The roof of variable-face stope is in an abrupt structure, where the cracks generated by the extended and drift “O-X” fractures have similar development characteristics to the cracks in the roof of large face stope in pressurized structure, and so they are integrated into a full-face stope. Besides, the roof of the full-face stope is fractured in “X-O” shape, with the cracks developing continuously to produce the extended fracture. Thus, the roof fracture theory of “two stopes and two laws” was formed. The research conclusion provides an important basis for exploring the essence of overburden migration in stope with variable face length and strengthening the roof prevention and control under the occurrence conditions of deep complex coal seams.
- stope with variable face length /
- thin-plate bending /
- overburden structure /
- “O-X” fracturing /
- instability failure /
- roof prevention and control

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图 1 变面长采场分区模型

Fig. 1 Zoning model of stope with variable face length

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图 2 采场分区及顶板力学边界模型

Fig. 2 Stope zoning and roof mechanical boundary model

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图 3 三边固支一边简支(简支边为长边)顶板模型弯矩

Fig. 3 Bending moment of roof model with fixed support on three sides and simplified support on one side (Simplified support is set on the long side)

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图 4 小面采场“O−X”破断演化过程

Fig. 4 “O-X” fracture evolution of small-face stope

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图 5 一边固支三边简支顶板模型弯矩

Fig. 5 Bending moment of roof model with fixed support on one side and simplified support on three sides

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图 6 变面采场Ⅰ破断演化过程

Fig. 6 Fracture evolution of variable-face stope I

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图 7 接续小面采场的延长形“O−X”破断

Fig. 7 Extended “O-X” fracture of continuous small-face stope

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图 8 三边固支一边简支(简支边为短边)顶板模型弯矩

Fig. 8 Bending moment of roof model with fixed support on three sides and simplified support on one side (The simplified support is set on the short side)

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图 9 变面采场Ⅱ破断演化过程

Fig. 9 Fracture evolution of variable-face stope Ⅱ

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图 10 接续小面采场的漂移形“O−X”破断

Fig. 10 Drift “O-X” fracture of continuous small-face stope

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图 11 两边固支两边简支顶板模型弯矩

Fig. 11 Bending moment of roof model with fixed support on two sides and simplified support on other two sides

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图 12 大面采场破断演化过程

Fig. 12 Fracture evolution of large-face stope

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图 13 变面长采场顶板整体破断结构

Fig. 13 Overall fracturing structure of roof in stope with variable face length

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图 14 全大面采场模型

Fig. 14 Full-face stope model

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图 15 全大面采场半“X”形破断

Fig. 15 Half “X” fracture of full-face stope

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图 16 全大面采场“X−C”形破断

Fig. 16 “X-C” fracture of full face stope

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图 17 全大面采场“X−O”形破断

Fig. 17 “X-O” fracture of full-face stope

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图 18 延长形“X−O”破断

Fig. 18 Extended “X-O” fracture

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图 19 数值模型

Fig. 19 Numerical model

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图 20 小面采场最大剪应力分布

Fig. 20 Distribution of maximum shear stress in small-face stope

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图 21 小面采场塑性区发育

Fig. 21 Development of plastic zone in small-face stope

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图 22 变面采场的最大剪应力分布

Fig. 22 Distribution of maximum shear stress in variable-face stope

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图 23 变面采场塑性区发育

Fig. 23 Development of plastic zone in variable-face stope

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图 24 大面采场最大剪应力分布

Fig. 24 Distribution of maximum shear stress in large-face stope

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图 25 大面采场塑性区发育

Fig. 25 Development of plastic zone in large-face stope

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图 26 “三场三区三结构”覆岩结构演化模型

Fig. 26 Evolution model of overburden structure of “three stopes, three areas and three structures”

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图 27 “两场两规律”顶板破断模型

Fig. 27 Roof fracturing model of “two stopes and two laws”

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图 28 液压支架矿压测点布置

Fig. 28 Layout of ground pressure measuring points on hydraulic support

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图 29 顶板矿压监测应力演化

Fig. 29 Stress evolution of ground pressure monitoring on roof

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表 1 岩性模拟参数

Table 1 Simulated lithology parameters

岩石组别	岩石名称	厚度/m	体积模量/GPa	剪切模量/GPa	黏聚力/MPa	内摩擦角/(°)	抗拉强度/MPa
顶板	粉砂岩	8	6.4	4.8	5.6	40	3.6
	砂质泥岩	7	3.9	3.0	4.2	35	3.2
	细砂岩	7	6.5	5.3	4.8	32	3.8
	砂质泥岩	5	4.2	3.4	3.9	30	3.1
地质岩柱	泥−页岩	3	3.1	2.2	3.5	28	2.2
煤层	煤	3	0.8	0.3	1.8	20	0.3
底板	泥岩	5	2.9	2.0	2.7	29	2.4
	中砂岩	15	6.2	4.5	6.0	42	4.0
	砂质泥岩	30	4.8	3.1	4.3	33	3.2

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