Geothermal energy exploitation and storage in coal field under the dual carbon goal
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摘要: 开发煤田地热不仅可以改善煤田开采的温度环境，还可以通过地热能的清洁利用变“害”为“利”，尤其是在目前“双碳”目标下利用煤田采空区储能大有前景。评估获得我国主要赋煤区地热资源热储量为1.12×1019 kJ，折合标煤3 795.39 亿t，可采热储量1.71×1018 kJ，折合标煤569.31亿t。其中，华北赋煤区的可采热储量约占74.7%，特别西区(晋陕蒙宁分区)拥有神东、晋北、晋东、晋中、陕北、黄陇(华亭)、宁东7大煤炭基地，资源最为丰富，占近48.7%。进一步指出“煤−热共采”是煤田区地热开发利用的主要形式，包括充填埋管取热、采空区矿井水取热和深部煤矿含水层取热等。此外，提出将采空区以及排水后腾出来的空间作为“储层”加以利用是下一步的工作方向，并对回填(相变)材料储热、废弃煤田抽水蓄能和废弃煤田压缩空气蓄能做了详细评述。最后，对煤田热害防治技术进行了简要评述。总之，煤田规模化储能与热害防治和地热利用将成为煤田地热研究和开发利用的主要方向，是实现煤矿绿色转型和国家“双碳”目标的重要抓手。Abstract: The development of geothermal energy in coalfield can not only improve the temperature environment of coal mining, but also turn waste into treasure through the clean utilization of geothermal energy. Especially, it is of great prospect to store energy in the mined-out area of coalfield under the “dual carbon” goal at present. Herein, in this paper, it was estimated that the geothermal reserves in the main coal-bearing areas of China were 1.12 × 1019 kJ, equivalent to 379.539 billion tons of standard coal, and the recoverable geothermal reserves were 1.71 × 1018 kJ, equivalent to 56.931 billion tons of standard coal. Among them, the recoverable geothermal reserves of the coal-bearing area in North China account for about 74.7%, especially in the western area (Jin‒Shaan‒Meng‒Ning sub-region), where seven coal bases were distributed, including Shendong, Jinbei, Jindong, Jinzhong, Shaanbei, Huanglong (Huating) and Ningdong, with the richest coal resources, accounting for nearly 48.7%. It was further pointed out that the “synergetic mining of coal and geothermal energy” would be the main form of geothermal development and utilization in coalfield areas, which included three methods of heat extraction, such as pipe filling and burying, mine water in coal mine goaf and deep coal mine aquifers. In addition, it was proposed to utilize the coal mine goaf and the space freed up after drainage as the “geothermal reservoirs”, which should be taken as the direction of working in the next step. Besides, a detailed review was presented regarding the heat storage with backfill (phase-change) material, pumped storage with abandoned coalfield and energy storage with compressed air in the abandoned coalfield. Last but not least, a brief introduction was presented for the thermal disaster prevention and control technology of coal mine. In conclusion, the scaled coalfield energy storage, thermal disaster prevention and control, and geothermal utilization will be the main directions of coalfield geothermal research, development and utilization. Which is also an important channel to achieve the green transformation of coal mines and the national "dual carbon" goal.
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表 1 各赋煤区地热资源评价参数
Table 1 Evaluation parameters of geothermal resources in each coal-bearing area
赋煤区 含煤
面积/km2典型含煤盆地地温情况 恒温带 25℃深度/m 2 km埋深地温/℃ 地层
温度/℃热储
厚度/m盆地名称 热流值/
(mW·m−2)地温梯度/
(℃·km−1)温度/℃ 深度/m 各盆地值 平均值 各盆地值 平均值 东北赋煤区 27 264.70 松辽盆地 72.0 38.2 10 25 417.67 500.00 85.45 80 52.5 300.00 海拉尔盆地 55.0 35.0 7 35 549.29 75.78 二连盆地 88.0 34.5 7 30 551.74 74.97 华北赋煤区 东区 79 025.82 渤海湾盆地 69.0 36.2 14 17 320.87 320.87 85.78 85 55.0 335.83 西区 210 761.21 鄂尔多斯盆地 61.0 29.8 10 20 523.36 523.36 69.00 69 47.5 295.33 华南赋煤区 46 900.00 南黄海盆地 72.0 31.5 17 15 268.97 300.00 79.53 62 43.5 340.00 江汉盆地 53.0 29.1 18 10 250.55 75.91 四川盆地 53.0 22.0 17 10 373.64 60.78 楚雄盆地 75.0 32.2 17 19 267.45 80.79 西北赋煤区 38 000.00 塔里木盆地 43.0 19.7 12 20 679.90 550.00 51.01 55 40.0 290.00 准噶尔盆地 52.0 21.5 15 20 485.12 57.57 柴达木盆地 54.0 28.9 10 25 544.03 67.08 滇藏赋煤区 羌塘盆地 55.0 22.1 12 25 613.24 613.24 55.65 56 40.5 277.35 
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表 2 各赋煤区地热资源量
Table 2 The amount of geothermal resources in each coal-bearing area
赋煤区 热储量 可采热储量 资源比例/% 热量/1018 kJ 折合标煤/亿 t 热量/1017 kJ 折合标煤/亿 t 东北赋煤区 0.86 284.07 1.25 42.61 7.48 华北赋煤区 东区 2.89 985.16 4.33 147.77 25.96 西区 5.41 1 848.51 8.25 277.28 48.70 华南赋煤区 1.24 421.89 2.15 63.28 11.12 西北赋煤区 0.75 255.76 1.08 38.36 6.74 滇藏赋煤区 合计 11.20 3 795.39 17.1 569.31 100.00
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