Abstract: In the west region of China, Mesozoic and Cenozoic low rank coal resources are abundant. The coal seams are of low ash, low sulfur, low phosphorous and excellent quality, constituting the best material for liquefaction from the view of clean utilization. Based on the characteristics of coal quality and coal petrology, the liquefaction property of low rank coal in the studied areas is discussed in the paper. In the condition of solvent and catalyzer by Autoclave, the Hydro-liquefaction experimentation indicates that the hydrogen consumption is 5 %, conversion rate is about 90 %, the rate of liquid of coal is about 55 %, showing that low rank coal of the west China is important liquefaction resources. According to analysis of factors controlling coal liquefaction behavior, it was found that the volatile yields, atom ratio of hydrogen and carbon, active component content and vitrinite reflectivity affect directly liquefaction behavior.