Abstract: Based on the field geological survey and coalfield geological data of Shengli coalfield in Erlian basin, combining the previous research results, we analyzed the structure and evolution of the study area. The result shows:Since the Early Cretaceous, located on the suture zone between the Siberia plate and the Eurasian plate and based on the early basement fault, the Shengli coalfield was affected by the westward subduction of the Pacific plate, which experienced three stages of extensional fault depression, torsional deformation and uplift and denudation, forming the combination of NW directional high angle normal faults and NE directional broom structures. The tectonic evolution of Shengli coalfield is mainly divided into three stages, respectively the slow rifting stage of the Aershan Period, the strong rapid rifting stage of Tenggeer and Duhongmu Period, the slow rifting and termination rifting stage of Saihantala Period, therefore, Shengli coalfield is a coal accumulation basin developed on this basis.