Abstract: There are many intrusive rocks and complex structures in Hunan Province. In order to study the mineralization law of coal-based graphite, on the basis of collecting the existing geological data, drawing on the characteristics of coal-based graphite deposits at home and abroad, combining the distribution characteristics and development status of graphite resources in Hunan Province, using geological surveys, production well surveys, sampling tests, etc., the geological characteristics of the ore bodies in the existing mining areas around the two granite bodies were studied, the genetic type and ore controlling factors of the graphite deposits were explored, the genetic type is contact metamorphism, the main ore controlling factors are the emplacement mechanism of the rock mass, the mode of tectonic action, the shape of the ore body and the degree of metamorphism, furthermore, three modes of graphite occurrence are proposed: pocket bottom type, syncline type and anticline type. The breakthrough direction for graphite exploration was proposed, the strike of organic-rich strata is roughly perpendicular to the direction of the main compressive stress and within 1.0-1.5 km around the rock mass.