“煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素动态智能探测技术”专题 编者按:
我国煤炭资源赋存地质条件差、隐蔽致灾地质因素多，迫切需要超前精细查明隐蔽地质异常体的分布状况，保障煤炭安全高效开采。当前，煤矿采区地质勘探、地面三维地震勘探、矿井物探在探测精度、深度与可靠性及时效性方面均不能完全满足煤矿生产的需求，亟需开展煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素地球物理响应机理的研究，研发地面高精度勘探与井下动态智能探测的新技术与新装备，形成煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素快速、精细、动态、智能探测技术体系。为了配合煤炭行业在隐蔽致灾地质因素探查的战略需求，交流分享我国在煤炭地质及矿井物探方面取得的最新科技成果，邀请中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司王季研究员担任客座主编，依托国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807800)，开展“煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素动态智能探测技术”专题策划，本期专题优选8篇稿件刊登，以期促进煤矿企业地质灾害防治的技术进步。
Experimental study on advanced real time detection system of seismic-while-excavating
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摘要: 煤矿智能化建设要求采用智能化地质探测技术在巷道掘进过程中实时完成掘进前方区域的探测和预报。基于在线式矿井地震监测分站构建的随掘地震实时探测系统能够在巷道掘进的同时，采集以掘进机震动为震源的随掘地震数据，通过光纤网络实时传输至地面服务器的数据库内。随掘地震数据处理软件从数据库中获取当前随掘数据，经过筛选、提取虚拟炮集和偏移成像等步骤对掘进前方和侧前方一定区域进行反射槽波成像。为验证系统性能和探测结果的有效性，在正开展掘进作业的山西榆树坡煤矿5106回风巷内安装随掘地震实时探测系统，对该巷道开展为期数个月的随掘跟踪探测试验，探测系统实时采集随掘地震数据并成像，随着掘进长度的增加，每日的探测结果不断显示5106工作面内存在一条隐伏断层，后期的反射槽波探测和钻探工作验证了该断层的存在。试验结果表明，随掘地震实时探测系统能够在掘进过程中不断利用掘进机激发的地震信号对巷道前方和侧前方区域成像，从而在不影响掘进施工的条件下，实现了巷道侧前方地质异常体的连续跟踪探测和实时监测，达到了智能掘进系统对地质探测能力的要求。Abstract: The construction of intelligent loal mine requires the employment of the intelligent geological exploration technology to detect and predict front area in the process of roadway tunneling. The real time detection system of seismic while excavating is constructed on the basis of on-line seismic monitoring stations. The acquired seismic data is inspired by vibration of the tunneling machine, and is transmitted on optical fiber network to the database server located on the ground. The processing software acquires current seismic data from the database, through the steps of screening, pulsing and migration, imaging the front and side area of roadway head by reflected in-seam wave. In order to verify the performance and effectiveness of this system, we installed the real time detection system in the 5106 air return roadway of the Yushupo Coal Mine, and took a tracking detection test for several months. The detection system collected real-time seismic data, imaging in real time while excavating. With the increasing of the tunneling length, daily detection results show that there is a hidden fault existing in working face 5106. The fault has been verified by later drilling and detection of reflected in-seam wave. That means this real time detection system has the ability to image the area in front and side of the roadway by seismic signal generated from the road-header. Therefore, the detection system realized the continuous tracking and real time monitoring of abnormal structures in front of roadway side without affecting the process of roadway tunneling. It meets the requirement of geological detection ability for an intelligent tunneling system.
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图 3 5106回风巷随掘地震实时探测系统布置
Fig. 3 Layout of real time detection system of seismic-while-excavating in air return roadway 5106
图 5 10月11日随掘虚拟单炮记录
Fig. 5 The virtual single shot records from seismic-while-excavating data on Oct.11
图 7 掘进过程中多日的虚拟炮集及实时成像结果
Fig. 7 Pulsed seismic-while-excavating data and real time imaging results for days in the tunneling process
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