“关闭/废弃矿井地质探查、资源评价与开发利用”专题 编者按:
碳达峰、碳中和背景下，关闭/废弃矿井地质探查、资源评价与开发利用是实现煤炭产业清洁安全高效低碳发展、促进煤矿安全生产、优化能源结构、实现温室气体减排等方面的重要举措。随着煤炭资源不断开采及我国煤炭去产能政策的有力实施，一批资源枯竭及产能落后矿井将陆续关停废弃，但关闭/废弃矿井中仍赋存着大量的煤层气、水及空间等资源有待开发利用；随着浅部煤炭资源采空后，采空区阻隔致使下组煤煤层气尚未得到有效抽采。针对上述问题，依托中国工程院院地合作项目(2020SX5)、山西省揭榜招标项目(20201101001)等，选登4篇论文，重点论述关闭/废弃矿井地下空间资源及空间旅游资源精准开发利用模式、废弃矿井煤层气地面钻井开发关键问题与对策以及过采空区抽采下组煤煤层气技术。通过专题报道，以期引起学术界和产业界的更多关注，加速废弃矿井资源利用工作。
Research on the model of accurate exploitation and utilization of underground space resources in closed/abandoned mines
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摘要: 随着煤炭绿色资源的不断开采，位于煤炭开发利用全周期末端的矿井关闭\废弃问题逐渐显现，随之而来的关闭/废弃矿井地下空间资源开发利用成为一个亟须解决的问题。在对我国废弃矿井现状统计分析的基础上，以能源开采造成的地下空间方位、形态差异化为依据，将关闭/废弃矿井地下空间资源分为采空区空间资源、巷道空间资源、硐室空间资源；探讨了空间资源作为能源存储场所的单一利用方式和多方向、多领域协同多元开发利用的关闭/废弃矿井地下空间资源利用方式；并由此提出了一种关闭/废弃矿井地下空间分类分级精准利用模式，构建调研分析、工程类比初判、模型构建详估和软件决策系统研发为主干流程的精准开发利用系统，通过精准利用模式与精准开发利用系统模型对单一和多元开发利用方式进一步分析，为关闭/废弃矿井空间资源开发利用的研究和实践提供参考。Abstract: With the continuous development and utilization of green coal resources, the problem of abandoned mines at the end of the full cycle of coal mine development and utilization has gradually emerged, and the subsequent development and utilization of underground space resources in closed/abandoned mines has become an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the statistical analysis of the status quo of underground space resources in closed/abandoned mines in China and the difference in the location and form of underground space caused by mining demand, the underground space resources of closed/abandoned mines are classified into goaf space resources and roadway space resources, chamber space resources; the use of space resources as a single energy accumulation site and the use of closed/abandoned mine underground space resources in multiple directions and multiple fields to coordinate the development and utilization of the resources were explored; and thereout a model of the classification, the grading and accurate utilization of the underground space of the closed/abandoned mines was proposed to build the accurate development and utilization system model with survey analysis, initial judgement of engineering analogy, detailed assessment of model building, software decision-making system as the main process. The accurate utilization pattern and the system model for the accurate development and utilization were used to analyze further the patterns of the single and multiple development and utilization so as to provide the reference for the researches and practices of the underground space resources of the closed/abandoned mines.
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图 1 2017—2020年10月全国矿井地下空间资源柱状图
Fig. 1 Histogram of underground space resources in mines in China from 2017 to October 2020
图 2 房柱式采空区空间改建地下储气库
Fig. 2 Room and pillar mining goaf transformed into an underground gas storage
图 4 废弃煤矿岩巷改建地下储油库技术
Fig. 4 Technology of transformation of rock roadway into oil storage in an abandoned coal mine
图 6 工程建设物资储备和应急场所
Fig. 6 Site for engineering construction material reserve and emergency
图 9 废弃矿井地下空间资源精准开发利用系统
Fig. 9 System model for the accurate exploitation and utilization of underground space resources in abandoned mines
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