Introductions and applications of a self-locking wire-line coring system with a water-shielding bit and a circlip-shielded core barrel
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摘要: 近年来,国内外对复杂地层绳索取心钻具的研究取得了长足进步,但是未能很好解决卡心构件对岩心入管的阻碍和底喷式钻头易产生“泥垫”现象,从而影响取心质量和钻进效率的关键技术问题。以普通S95绳索取心钻具为研究对象,通过在内管里增设0.7 mm厚度的不锈钢衬管,封隔卡簧等卡心构件装置,增加底喷式钻头水孔数量并增大水槽体积,设计可供选择的发夹式和卡簧式岩心提断器等技术改造,研制一款用于复杂地层钻进,具备隔水、隔卡、自动锁心的三层管绳索取心钻具。选用发夹式岩心提断器在水敏性强的破碎地层中试验,平均回次进尺1.13 m,获取岩心采取率94.48%,对比附近同类地层钻孔的岩心采取率提高了50%以上;选用卡簧式岩心提断器在裂隙发育的泥质地层中试验,卡簧卡心如同普通钻具上的卡簧一样可靠。试验结果表明:用衬管封隔卡心构件的取心技术方案可行,解决了卡心构件对软弱松散岩心入管的阻碍,有利于保护岩心的原状性;所用底喷式钻头孔底冲洗效果好,降低了钻头“泥垫”现象对钻进速度的影响。该钻具操作方便,使用成本低廉,有望在我国现行绳索取心机台推广应用,具有较强的普适性和广泛的应用前景。Abstract: The great progresses have been made in the research of wire-line coring system used in complex formations at home and abroad in recent years. However, the key technology problems that affect coring quality and drilling efficiency have not been well solved, such as the resistence caused by core clamping components when the core gets into the core-barrel and the mud pad at the bottom of jet bits. The common S95 wire-line coring system is selected as the example in our study. Adding stainless steel liner with 0.7 millimetres thickness in the inner core barrel separates circlip components. The methods of increasing the number of water holes at the bottom of jet bit and widening the drainage channels have been adopted in these tests. There are two kinds of core lifters alternatives, one is hairpin spring and the other is clip spring. A new type of wire-line coring system with three-ply core barrels has been developed for drilling in complex formation, which has the advantages of water shielding, circlip-shield and automatic core locking. This new kind of wire-line coring system with hairpin core lifter is tested in the broken formations with strong water sensitivity. The average roundtrip footage is 1.13 m and the core recovery is 94.48%, which is increased by more than 50 percent comparing with the core recovery rate of similar formation nearby. The test has been carried out in the muddy formation with developmental fractures by using the circlip core lifter. The core cutting is as reliable as the circlip used in the ordinary wire-line coring system. The tests show that the coring technology by using liner to separate the core clamping components is feasible, which solves the obstruction of the core clamping components to the soft and loose core, and which is effective to protect the core in original state. The water-shielding jet bit improves the flush effect at the bottom of the bit and reduces the damage of the mud pad on the drilling speed by calculating the reasonable drilling pump volume and the effective number of water holes. This new kind of wire-line coring system is easy to operate and is cheap to use. It is expected to be popular and applied in the current wire-line coring drilling crew in China, which is going to have a strong universality and wide application.
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Key words:
- complex formation /
- core drilling tool /
- core lifter /
- bottom jet bit /
- hair clips /
- circlip /
- liner pipe
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图 1 隔水隔卡的自锁式绳索取心钻具结构
1—铰链式矛头机构; 2—弹卡定位机构; 3—到位报信机构; 4—悬挂机构; 5—接头; 6—弹性销; 7—压力弹簧; 8—滑套; 9—调压垫圈; 10—调节螺栓; 11—锁定螺母; 12—单动机构; 13—中心轴; 14——内管保护机构; 15—扶正弹簧; 16—扶正弹簧座; 17—球; 18—弹簧套; 19—调节机构; 20—调节接头; 21—外管; 22—悬挂接头; 23—防松螺母; 24—开卡弹簧; 25—悬挂轴; 26—挂钩; 27—攻丝钢球; 28—调节螺母; 29—背帽; 30—锥接套; 31—调节螺杆; 32—锥接头; 33—内管; 34—衬管; 35—扩孔器; 36—内管扶正机构; 37—防卡套; 38—发夹室; 39—发夹; 40—发夹座; 41—钻头
Fig. 1 Structure of the self-locking wire line coring drilling tool with water-shielding and clamp proof
表 1 ZK205孔试验孔段回次钻进的基本情况
Table 1 The main deta of each testing interval of core drilling in ZK205 hole
钻进回次 钻孔深度/m 进尺/m 岩心长度/m 岩心采取率/% 钻进泵量/(L·min–1) 下钻时钻头通水孔封堵数 起钻时钻头通水孔封堵数 机械钻速/(m·h–1) 备注 1 6.66~7.88 1.22 1.20 98.36 60 0 1.83 2 7.88~8.78 0.90 0.90 100 60 1.80 3 8.78~9.78 1.00 1.00 100 60 13 1.50 处理孔口管下沉 4 9.78~10.99 1.21 1.20 99.17 96 8 1.83 5 10.99~12.09 1.10 1.05 95.45 96 1.65 6 12.09~12.69 0.60 0.60 100 96 1.80 7 12.69~14.09 1.40 1.30 92.86 96 1.68 8 14.09~14.89 0.80 0.75 93.75 96 1.60 9 14.89~15.69 0.80 0.80 100 96 1.60 10 15.69~17.09 1.40 1.30 92.86 96 10 1.40 处理孔口管下沉 11 17.09~18.49 1.40 1.30 92.86 96 8 1.68 12 18.49~19.89 1.40 1.27 90.71 96 1.68 13 19.89~21.39 1.50 1.30 86.67 96 1.50 更换发夹 14 21.39~22.69 1.30 1.25 96.15 96 1.56 15 22.69~23.89 1.20 1.10 91.67 96 1.80 16 23.89~24.69 0.80 0.75 93.75 96 9 1.60 钻渣多,下管护孔 表 2 ZK501孔试验孔段回次钻进的基本情况
Table 2 The main deta of each testing interval of core drilling in ZK501 hole
钻进回次 钻孔深度/m 进尺/m 岩心长度/m 岩心采取率/% 钻进泵量/(L·min–1) 下钻时钻头通水孔封堵数 起钻时钻头通水孔封堵数 机械钻速/(m·h–1) 备注 1 30.12~31.32 1.20 1.20 100.00 60 0 12 2.40 2 31.32~32.55 1.23 1.20 97.56 96 8 9 2.46 3 32.55~33.66 1.11 1.05 94.59 96 8 10 2.22 4 33.66~34.86 1.20 1.20 100.00 96 8 9 2.40 5 34.86~36.79 1.93 1.76 91.19 96 8 9 2.32 6 36.79~38.32 1.53 1.50 98.04 96 8 11 2.29 7 38.32~39.70 1.38 1.35 97.83 166 0 1 2.76 清扫0.60m钻渣 8 39.70~41.28 1.58 1.58 100.00 96 4 9 2.37 9 41.28~42.94 1.66 1.66 100.00 96 4 10 2.49 10 42.94~44.45 1.51 1.50 99.33 96 8 13 2.26 11 44.45~45.35 0.90 0.85 94.44 166 0 3 2.70 清扫1.2m钻渣 12 45.35~47.12 1.77 1.77 100.00 166 4 5 2.12 13 47.12~48.83 1.71 1.71 100.00 166 4 4 2.05 14 48.83~50.58 1.75 1.70 97.14 166 4 5 2.10 终止试验 -
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