Hydrochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of high TDS groundwater in Xinjulong Coal Mine
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摘要: 针对山东巨野新巨龙煤矿区地下水高TDS的现状，基于历史水质资料和取样测试结果，运用Piper三线图、相关性分析、氢氧同位素、Gibbs图解、离子比值与饱和指数等方法，探究其高TDS地下水水化学特征及成因。结果表明：随着建井和煤矿开采，研究区水化学环境发生改变，水化学类型不再是单一的SO4-Na型，深层灰岩水的类型中出现SO4·HCO3-Na和SO4-Ca·Mg型；研究区高TDS地下水的形成主要是因为含水层水动力条件差，高温水岩作用强，溶滤、蒸发浓缩作用明显，同时存在一定程度的反向阳离子交换作用；地下水体中白云岩和方解石表现为沉淀状态，石膏和盐岩处于溶解状态，是地下水主要成分Na+和SO42-的主要来源。研究成果不但为研究矿井水的构成、揭示煤矿区地下水污染及多场耦合的地下水演化过程和成因机制提供依据，还可为煤炭开采水害防治和矿井水处理利用奠定基础。Abstract: Based on historical water quality data and sampling test results, using Piper three-line diagram, correlation analysis, hydrogen and oxygen isotope, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio and saturation index, etc., the hydrochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of the groundwater with high TDS in Xinjulong Coal Mine area were explored. The results show that with the proceeding of mine construction and coal mining, the water chemistry environment in the study area has changed. The water chemistry type is no longer a single SO4-Na type, with SO4·HCO3-Na and SO4-Ca·Mg type appearing in the deep limestone water. The high-TDS groundwater in the study area is mainly caused by poor hydrodynamic conditions in the upper layers, strong high-temperature water-rock action, obvious leaching, evaporation and concentration, and a certain degree of reverse cation substitution and exchange. The dolomite and calcite in the groundwater are in a precipitated state, and gypsum and salt rock are in a dissolved state, which are the main sources of Na+ and SO42- in groundwater. The above conclusions not only provide a basis for studying the composition of mine water, revealing the evolution process and formation mechanism of groundwater pollution and multi-field coupling in coal mining areas, but also lay the foundation for coal mining water hazard prevention and mine water treatment and utilization in coal mining.
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图 4 新巨龙煤矿区地下水δ2H与δ18O的相关关系
Fig. 4 Relations between δ2H and δ18O of groundwater in Xinjulong Coal Mine
图 8 新巨龙煤矿γ(Ca2++Mg2+-SO42--HCO3-)和γ(Na+-Cl-)比值关系
Fig. 8 Diagram of γ(Ca2++Mg2+-SO42--HCO3-)/γ(Na+-Cl-) of groundwater in Xinjulong Coal Mine
图 9 新巨龙煤矿地下水SI与TDS关系
Fig. 9 Correlation between SI and TDS of groundwater in Xinjulong Coal Mine
表 1 含水层水化学参数统计特征值
Table 1 Hydrochemical analysis data in groundwater of each aquifer
含水层 指标 各离子质量浓度ρ/(mg·L-1) TDS/(mg·L-1) pH值 Na++K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- SO42- HCO3- 新近系含水层 Min 362.43 288.12 23.53 50.88 2 087.64 5.61 3 190.75 6.50 Max 1 980.78 499.90 257.56 106.32 5 729.88 196.55 8 429.66 9.90 Avg 1 723.48 416.81 159.68 85.86 4 991.42 119.24 7 446.65 8.21 SD 382.97 71.38 57.97 13.54 907.76 48.19 1 315.89 0.71 CV 0.22 0.17 0.36 0.16 0.18 0.40 0.18 0.09 山西组3砂含水层 Min 1 249.77 22.47 7.34 50.81 2 141.11 141.01 4 045.74 7.30 Max 2 030.28 506.21 224.43 673.91 5 637.86 1 119.98 8 467.84 8.40 Avg 1 603.62 216.18 87.09 121.51 3 777.36 325.33 5 972.35 7.82 SD 223.63 126.95 56.25 114.39 998.27 208.18 1 282.29 0.33 CV 0.14 0.59 0.65 0.94 0.26 0.64 0.21 0.04 太原组三灰含水层 Min 703.96 19.77 9.33 92.29 845.19 146.92 2 720.44 7.15 Max 1 489.24 376.34 113.27 294.19 3 397.29 1 239.70 5 383.68 8.40 Avg 1 184.29 157.18 60.20 198.28 2 500.10 344.41 4 274.74 7.80 SD 192.63 91.58 26.59 54.79 488.44 244.67 526.90 0.38 CV 0.16 0.58 0.44 0.28 0.20 0.71 0.12 0.05 奥陶系含水层 Min 422.28 1.60 1.01 132.44 310.35 138.64 1 326.22 7.20 Max 1 630.91 578.01 154.92 394.17 4 516.08 300.23 6 918.55 11.10 Avg 762.85 299.52 74.75 313.34 1 980.66 215.71 3 539.01 8.07 SD 335.26 154.07 46.19 65.64 983.35 46.98 1 304.01 1.31 CV 0.44 0.51 0.62 0.21 0.50 0.22 0.37 0.16 注：Min为最小值；Max为最大值；Avg为平均值；SD为标准差；CV为变异系数，无量纲。 
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表 2 氢氧同位素数据
Table 2 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data
水样 δ2H/‰ δ18O/‰ d=δ2H-8δ18O 雨水 -28.1 -5.09 12.62 01地表排水口 -65.4 -9.35 9.40 02洙水河交汇处 -62.6 -8.64 6.52 03洙水河上游 -54.1 -6.91 1.18 04洙水河下游 -62.8 -8.36 4.08 05水仓 -64.2 -8.60 4.60 06岩巷淋水 -60.1 -8.07 4.46 07煤巷淋水 -58.5 -7.83 4.14 08老空水 -56.2 -7.12 0.76 09奥灰水 -55.4 -6.48 -3.56 10 3砂水 -53.4 -6.40 -2.20 11三灰水 -55.2 -6.32 -4.64 注：d为氘过量参数。
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表 3 含水层水化学指标相关系数矩阵
Table 3 Correlation coefficient matrix of aquifer water chemical composition
含水层 指标 Na++K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- SO42- HCO3- TDS 新近系含水层 Na++K+ 1 Ca2+ 0.011 1 Mg2+ 0.097 0.808** 1 Cl- -0.198 0.149 -0.005 1 SO42- 0.907** 0.395 0.487 -0.100 1 HCO3- 0.121 0.539* 0.759** -0.169 0.395 1 TDS 0.919** 0.375 0.463 -0.109 0.999** 0.384 1 山西组3砂含水层 Na++K+ 1 Ca2+ 0.726** 1 Mg2+ 0.610** 0.856** 1 Cl- -0.379* -0.318 0.090 1 SO42- 0.894** 0.927** 0.748** -0.485** 1 HCO3- -0.213 -0.365 -0.022 0.709** -0.453* 1 TDS 0.919** 0.927** 0.824** -0.325 0.980** -0.285 1 太原组三灰含水层 Na++K+ 1 Ca2+ -0.604** 1 Mg2+ -0.496* 0.850** 1 Cl- -0.669** 0.443* 0.330 1 SO42- 0.510* 0.306 0.428 -0.319 1 HCO3- 0.051 -0.642** -0.722** -0.176 -0.778** 1 TDS 0.652** 0.176 0.280 -0.384 0.976** -0.639** 1 奥灰含水层 Na++K+ 1 Ca2+ -0.086 1 Mg2+ 0.468 0.828** 1 Cl- -0.952** -0.206 -.690* 1 SO42- 0.833** 0.475 0.873** -0.951** 1 HCO3- 0.361 -0.176 -0.015 -0.300 0.194 1 TDS 0.845** 0.458 0.864** -0.957** 1.000** 0.211 1 注：*表示相关性显著水平在0.05(双尾)；**表示相关性显著水平在0.01(双尾)。
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