Abstract: As an important technology to study seismic wave propagation characteristics, 3D seismic physical simulation is an effective method to understand the propagation law and response characteristics of seismic waves in complex structures. It has the advantages of more realistic results and no limitation on calculation methods and boundary conditions over numerical simulation. Therefore, it has important applications in the research of the basic law of seismic wave propagation, verification of field seismic exploration methods, design optimization of observation systems, etc. This paper presents a 3D seismic physical modeling system of large double triaxial air-supported positioning and multichannel data acquisition, which consists of the guide rail and transmission system, motion control system, positioning measurement system, physical simulation data acquisition system and safety system. It is available for large-scale and high-precision physical model positioning, as well as multichannel, high efficiency, high SNR, high resolution model ultrasonic signal acquisition. The system has been adopted to collect data from the actual 3D seismic physical model of coal-bearing strata with faults, collapse columns and coal seam thinning belt, and the overall imaging effect is consistent with the seismic physical model, showing the reliability and accuracy of the system. The successful development of the system provides a new experimental technique for the theoretical research and practical application of coal seismic exploration.